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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1539-1546, set.-out. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-947272

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to describe the Macrobrachium rosenbergii hepatopancreas histomorphology. The hepatopancreas is constituted by a set of blind end tubules, divided into proximal, middle, and distal regions, with the epithelium formed by E, F, B, R, and M cells differently of other species. Measurements of the length and width of the tubules were 419.64+69.09µm and 117.42+16.99µm, respectively. The percentage of each cell type per region was: proximal region (40%B, 20%F, 6.7%M, 33.3%R), middle region (45.4%B, 18.2%F, 9.1%M, and 27.3%R) and distal region (36.4%E, 27.2%B, 18.2%F, 9.1%M, 9.1%R). Cell B that stores glycogen and lipids, is the most commonly found cell in proximal and middle regions. In the distal region, the E, responsible for the mitosis, is the most prominent. M, responsible by nutrient storage, is numerically constant among the portions differently in the Macrobrachium amazonicum. The study for the first time also suggests that in addition to digestive enzymes, the F cell produces protective mucus. The present study generated for the first time a morphometric profile of M. rosenbergii hepatopancreas, demonstrating differences from other species, and can be an important tool for new studies in nutrition, reproduction, and production with the species.(AU)


O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a histomorfologia do hepatopâncreas do camarão-de-água-doce Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Observou-se que ele é constituído por um conjunto de túbulos de fundo cego, sendo cada túbulo dividido em regiões proximal, média e distal, com o epitélio formado por cinco tipos de células (E, F, B, R, M), diferentemente de outras espécies. As medidas de comprimento e largura dos túbulos foram de 419,64+69,09µm e 117,42+16,99µm, respectivamente. A porcentagem de cada tipo celular por região foi: região proximal (40%B, 20%F, 6,7%M, 33,3%R), região média (45,4%B, 18,2%F, 9,1%M e 27,3%R) e região distal (36,4%E, 27,2%B, 18,2%F, 9,1%M, 9,1%R). Assim, a B, que armazena glicogênio e lipídeos, é a célula mais encontrada nas regiões proximal e média. Na região distal, a célula E, responsável pela mitose, é a mais encontrada. A célula M, responsável pelo acúmulo de nutrientes, tem um número constante de células nas porções do túbulo, diferentemente do Macrobrachium amazonicum. O estudo também sugere, pela primeira vez, que a célula F produz, além de enzimas digestivas, um muco protetor para o túbulo hepatopancreático. O presente estudo foi o primeiro a gerar um perfil morfométrico do hepatopâncreas do M. rosenbergii e demonstrou diferenças em relação a outras espécies, bem como serviu de importante ferramenta para novos estudos que abranjam a produção, a nutrição e a reprodução para a espécie.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Hepatopancreas , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Digestive System
2.
Acta amaz ; 46(2): 209-218, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455293

ABSTRACT

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. The aim of this study was to describe and illustrate in detail the morphology of the M. carcinus foregut. The foregut comprises the mouth, esophagus and stomach. It is lined by a simple cylindrical epithelium overlain by chitinous cuticle. The cardiac chamber is well supplied with muscles and lined with chitin thickened in places to form a complex, articulating set of ossicles. The ossicles and setae inside the cardiac chamber seem to direct the food movement through the cardiac chamber and sort the food according to particle size as digestion takes place. Twenty-one basic ossicles were observed in the stomach ofM. carcinus and are divided into seven categories, reflecting their presumed functional roles. The significance of these morphological features is discussed in terms of its implication in feeding management that can support future commercial farms of this important fishery resource.


Macrobrachium carcinus é uma espécie nativa com reconhecido potencial para uso em cultivos aquícolas, porém com poucas informações sobre suas estratégias alimentares. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e ilustrar em detalhes a morfologia do estômago de M. carcinus e fazer uma breve associação com seu hábito alimentar. O trato digestivo compreende a boca, esôfago e estômago (câmara cardiáca e câmara pilórica) o qual é revestido por um epitélio cilíndrico simples recoberta por uma fina cutícula quitinosa. A câmara cardíaca é bem provida de músculos e margeada por quitina espessada em áreas formando um conjunto complexo de ossículos articulados. Os ossículos e cerdas no interior da câmara cardíaca parecem dirigir a circulação de alimentos através da câmara cardíaca e triar o alimento de acordo com o tamanho de partícula no decorrer da digestão. Um total de 21 ossículos básicos fazem parte do estômago de M. carcinus e estão divididos em sete categorias de acordo com suas funções presumíveis. O significado destas características morfológicas é discutido em termos de sua implicação no manejo alimentar que podem apoiar futuras explorações comerciais deste importante recurso pesqueiro.


Subject(s)
Animals , Stomach/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Gastrointestinal Tract/anatomy & histology , Feeding Behavior
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(1): 33-44, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843258

ABSTRACT

AbstractEcologists have been largely interested in the description and understanding of the power scaling relationships between body size and abundance of organisms. Many studies have focused on estimating the exponents of these functions across taxonomic groups and spatial scales, to draw inferences about the processes underlying this pattern. The exponents of these functions usually approximate -3/4 at geographical scales, but they deviate from this value when smaller spatial extensions are considered. This has led to propose that body size-abundance relationships at small spatial scales may reflect the impact of environmental changes. This study tests this hypothesis by examining body size spectra of benthic shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea) and snails (Gastropoda) in the Tamiahua lagoon, a brackish body water located in the Eastern coast of Mexico. We measured water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, water temperature, sediment organic matter and chemical oxygen demand) and sampled benthic macrofauna during three different climatic conditions of the year (cold, dry and rainy season). Given the small size of most individuals in the benthic macrofaunal samples, we used body volume, instead of weight, to estimate their body size. Body size-abundance relationships of both taxonomic groups were described by tabulating data from each season into base-2 logarithmic body size bins. In both taxonomic groups, observed frequencies per body size class in each season were standardized to yield densities (i.e., individuals/m3). Nonlinear regression analyses were separately performed for each taxonomic group at each season to assess whether body size spectra followed power scaling functions. Additionally, for each taxonomic group, multiple regression analyses were used to determine whether these relationships varied among seasons. Our results indicated that, while body size-abundance relationships in both taxonomic groups followed power functions, the parameters defining the shape of these relationships varied among seasons. These variations in the parameters of the body size-abundance relationships seems to be related to changes in the abundance of individuals within the different body size classes, which seems to follow the seasonal changes that occur in the environmental conditions of the lagoon. Thus, we propose that these body size-abundance relationships are influenced by the frequency and intensity of environmental changes affecting this ecosystem. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (1): 33-44. Epub 2016 March 01.


ResumenLos ecólogos han estado muy interesados en describir y comprender las relaciones escalares de potencia entre el tamaño corporal y la abundancia de los organismos. Muchos estudios se han centrado en la estimación de los exponentes de estas funciones a través de grupos taxonómicos y escalas espaciales, para sacar conclusiones acerca de los procesos que subyacen a este patrón. Los exponentes de estas funciones generalmente se aproximan -3/4 a escalas geográficas, pero se apartan de este valor cuando se consideran extensiones espaciales más pequeñas. Esto ha llevado a proponer que las relaciones tamaño corporal-abundancia en pequeñas escalas espaciales puede reflejar el impacto de cambios ambientales. Este estudio pone a prueba esta hipótesis mediante el examen de los espectros de tamaño corporal de camarones bentónicos (Decapoda: Caridea) y caracoles (Gastropoda) en la laguna de Tamiahua, un cuerpo de agua salobre situado en la costa oriental de México. Medimos parámetros de calidad del agua (oxígeno disuelto, salinidad, pH, temperatura del agua, materia orgánica en los sedimentos y demanda química de oxígeno) y muestreamos la macrofauna bentónica en tres momentos del año que difieren en sus condiciones climáticas (estaciones fría, seca y de lluvias). Dado el pequeño tamaño de la mayoría de los individuos en las muestras de macrofauna bentónica, se utilizó el volumen del cuerpo, en lugar de peso, para estimar su tamaño corporal. Las relaciones tamaño corporalabundancia de ambos grupos taxonómicos fueron descritas ordenando los datos de cada estación en clases de tamaño corporal cuya amplitud estaba establecida por una escala logarítmica de base 2. En ambos grupos taxonómicos, las frecuencias observadas por clase de tamaño corporal en cada estación se estandarizaron a densidades de captura (es decir, individuos/m3). Análisis de regresión no-lineal se realizaron separadamente para cada grupo taxonómico en cada estación del año para evaluar si los espectros de tamaño corporal seguían funciones escalares de potencia. Además, para cada grupo taxonómico, se utilizaron análisis de regresión múltiple para determinar si estas relaciones variaban entre estaciones. Nuestros resultados indicaron que, mientras las relaciones tamaño corporal-abundancia en ambos grupos taxonómicos siguieron funciones potenciales, los parámetros que definen la forma de estas relaciones variaron entre estaciones. Estas variaciones en los parámetros de las relaciones tamaño corporal-abundancia parecen estar relacionadas con cambios en la abundancia de los individuos dentro de las diferentes clases de tamaño corporal, que parece seguir los cambios estacionales que se producen en las condiciones ambientales de la laguna. Por lo tanto, proponemos que estas relaciones tamaño corporalabundancia se ven influidas por la frecuencia e intensidad de los cambios ambientales que afectan este ecosistema.


Subject(s)
Animals , Snails/anatomy & histology , Snails/classification , Water Quality , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/classification , Body Size , Seasons , Mexico
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 74(3,supl.1): S223-S232, 8/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732267

ABSTRACT

This study records, for the first time, the occurrence of all four male morphotypes in a population of Macrobrachium amazonicum from a continental environment, with an entirely freshwater life cycle. The specimens studied came from the Tietê River, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and were collected in a lotic environment downstream from Ibitinga Dam. This population was compared with other continental populations, including a population from the dam itself, collected in a previous study. Four samples of 30 minutes were taken monthly, using a trap, from January to April 2011. Each male specimen was measured with respect to seven body dimensions as follows: carapace length (CL), right cheliped length (RCL), dactyl length (DCL), propodus length (PPL), carpus length (CRL), merus length (ML) and ischium length (IL). The relative growth was analyzed based on the change in growth patterns of certain body parts in relation to the independent variable CL. The four male morphotypes proposed for the species were found using morphological and morphometric analyses. Different biological characteristics were found between the populations studied. The male population of the lake of Ibitinga and from Pantanal presented mean sizes and number of morphotypes lower than the population studied here. These differences seem to be closely related to ecological characteristics of the environments inhabited by these populations. Our results supported the hypothesis that coastal and continental populations of M. amazonicum belong to the same species.


Este estudo registra, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência dos quatro morfotipos de Macrobrachium amazonicum em uma população continental com ciclo de vida totalmente dulcícola. Os camarões são provenientes do Rio Tietê, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e foram coletados em um ambiente lótico abaixo da Barragem de Ibitinga. Essa população foi comparada com outras populações provenientes de ambientes continentais, incluindo a de um estudo anterior na represa da barragem de Ibitinga. Quatro amostras de 30 minutos foram realizadas mensalmente, utilizando armadilhas, de janeiro a abril de 2011. Cada indivíduo macho foi mensurado em relação a sete dimensões corporais, sendo elas: comprimento da carapaça (CL), comprimento total do quelípodo direito (RCL), comprimento do dáctilo (DCL), comprimento do própodo (PPL), comprimento do carpo (CRL), comprimento do mero (ML) e comprimento do ísquio (IL). O crescimento relativo foi analisado de acordo com as mudanças nas taxas de crescimento de determinadas partes do corpo em relação à variável independente CL. Os quatro morfotipos descritos para a espécie foram encontrados, utilizando análises morfológicas e morfométricas. Diferentes características biológicas foram encontradas entre a população estudada e as demais, incluindo a proveniente do reservatório. A população de machos da represa de Ibitinga e do Pantanal apresentaram tamanhos médios e número de morfotipos inferiores aos da população estudada aqui. Essas diferenças parecem estar intimamente relacionadas às características ecológicas dos ambientes onde estas populações estão inseridas. A hipótese de que populações costeiras e continentais de M. amazonicum pertençam à mesma espécie é suportada por nossos resultados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/classification , Brazil , Fresh Water , Life Cycle Stages/physiology , Palaemonidae/physiology , Reproduction/physiology
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(1): 39-57, Mar. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674061

ABSTRACT

The palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum shows an unusually large geographic range (ca. 4 000km across) living in coastal, estuarine, and limnic inland habitats of the upper Amazon, Orinoco, and La Plata basins. This raises doubts whether allopatric, ecologically diverse populations belong to the same species. While shrimps from estuarine and Amazonian habitats have been studied in great detail, very little is known about hololimnetic inland populations. In the present study, biological traits related to growth (maximum body size, fresh weight, morphometric relationships) and reproduction (sex ratio; occurrence of male morphotypes; minimum sexable size; minimum size of ovigerous females; fecundity; egg size), were studied in M. amazonicum collected from a pond culture and two natural freshwater habitats (Rio Miranda; Lagoa Baiazinha) in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In total, 2 270 shrimps were examined (603 males; 1 667 females, 157 of these ovigerous). Sex ratio (males:females) was at all sampling sites strongly female-biased, ranging from 0.2-0.6. Maximum body size was larger in natural habitats compared to the pond culture, suggesting reduced growth or a shorter life span under artificial mass rearing conditions. Maximum fecundity observed in our material was 676 eggs, reached by the largest female (TL=65mm; Lagoa Baiazinha). A significant difference between slope parameters of linear regressions describing fecundity, either in terms of numbers of eggs laid or of larvae released, in relation to female fresh weight, indicates egg losses. This may be due in part to a 2.4-fold increase in egg volume occurring during the course of embryonic development, while the available space under the abdomen remains limited. Size-weight relationships differed significantly between males and females, indicating sexspecific morphometric differences. Males appear to have a more slender body shape than females, reaching thus lower weight at equal TL. When reproductive and morphometric traits are compared with literature data from estuarine and inland populations living in the Amazon and Orinoco plains, shrimps from the Pantanal show conspicuous peculiarities differing from other populations: (1) maximum body size is far smaller, suggesting shorter longevity; (2) females are consistently larger than males; (3) different male morphotypes are absent; (4) minimum sexable size and (5) minimum size of ovigerous females are smaller. These traits suggest a heterochronic shift (predisplacement) of sexual maturation and r-selection. In summary, our data show biologically relevant differences in life-history traits of shrimps from the Pantanal compared to M. amazonicum populations in other regions. All these differences persist also in long-term cultures maintained under constant conditions. Altogether, our data support the hypothesis that M. amazonicum in the Paraná-Paraguay drainage basin has phylogenetically diverged from allopatric populations that are hydrologically separated by continental watersheds, implying an at least incipient vicariant speciation.


El camarón palaemónido Macrobrachium amazonicum muestra una distribución geográfica inusualmente grande (aprox. 4 000km de diámetro), vive en las zonas costeras, estuarios y hábitats interiores límnicos del alto Amazonas, Orinoco y las cuencas de La Plata. Esto plantea dudas sobre sí poblaciones alopátricas y ecológicamente diversas pertenecen a la misma especie. Mientras que los camarones de estuarios y de hábitats Amazónicos se han estudiado con gran detalle, se sabe muy poco acerca de las poblaciones holo-limnéticas del interior. En el presente estudio, los rasgos biológicos relacionados con el crecimiento (tamaño máximo del cuerpo, peso fresco, relaciones morfométricas) y la reproducción (proporción de sexos; ocurrencia de morfotipos masculinos; tamaño mínimo sexable; tamaño mínimo de las hembras ovígeras; fecundidad; tamaño del huevo), fueron estudiados en M. amazonicum recolectados en un estanque de cultivo y dos hábitats naturales de agua dulce (Río Miranda; Baiazinha Lagoa) en el Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. En total, 2 270 camarones fueron examinados (603 machos, 1 667 hembras, 157 de estas ovígeras). La proporción de sexos (machos:hembras) fue en todos los sitios de muestreo fuertemente sesgada por hembras, desde 0.2 hasta 0.6. El tamaño corporal máximo fue mayor en los hábitats naturales comparado con el estanque de cultivo, sugeriendo un crecimiento reducido o un lapso de vida más corto en condiciones artificiales de crianza masiva. La fecundidad máxima observada en nuestro material fue 676 huevos, alcanzado por la hembra de mayor tamaño (largo total, LT=65mm). Una diferencia significativa entre los parámetros de pendiente de regresiones lineales que describen la fecundidad, comparando el número de huevos puestos o de larvas liberadas, en relación con el peso de la hembra, indican pérdida de huevos. Esto puede ser debido a un aumento de 2.4 veces en el volumen del huevo que ocurre durante el desarrollo embrionario, mientras que el espacio disponible bajo el abdomen sigue siendo limitado. Relaciones de tamaño-peso diferían significativamente entre machos y hembras, lo que indica diferencias morfométricas sexoespecíficas. Los machos parecen tener una forma de cuerpo más delgado que las hembras, alcanzando por lo tanto el peso más bajo en la igualdad de LT. Cuando los rasgos reproductivos y morfométricos son comparados con datos de la literatura de poblaciones estuarinas y poblaciones del interior que viven en el Amazonas y en los llanos del Orinoco, los camarones del Pantanal muestran peculiaridades diferentes: (1) el tamaño máximo del cuerpo es mucho más pequeño, lo que sugiere menor longevidad; (2) las hembras son más grandes que los machos; (3) diferentes morfotipos masculinos están ausentes; (4) el tamaño mínimo sexable y (5) el tamaño mínimo de hembras ovígeras son más pequeños. Estas características sugieren un cambio heterocrónico (pre-desplazamiento) de la maduración sexual y la selección-r. En resumen, nuestros datos muestran diferencias biológicamente relevantes en los rasgos de la historia de vida de los camarones del Pantanal comparados con M. amazonicum en otras regiones. Todas estas diferencias persisten también en cultivos a largo plazo mantenidos bajo condiciones constantes. En conjunto, nuestros datos apoyan la hipótesis que M. amazonicum en la desembocadura de la cuenca Paraná-Paraguay ha divergido filogenéticamente de poblaciones alopátricas que están hidrológicamente separadas por cuencas continentales, lo que implica al menos una incipiente especiación vicariante.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Palaemonidae/physiology , Body Size , Brazil , Fertility/physiology , Oviposition/physiology , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/growth & development , Reproduction/physiology , Sex Ratio
6.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 83(2): 533-544, June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589913

ABSTRACT

The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium equidens, which is native species of the Indo-Pacific Region, was recorded for the first time on the Amazon coast of Brazil. This species was found to inhabit the same environment as two native Macrobrachium species, M. amazonicum and M. acanthurus, and is morphologically very similar to the latter. The identification of the species was confirmed by the genetic analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase (COI) gene. A detailed description of the morphological features and reproductive biology of M. equidens in this new environment is presented.


O camarão de água doce Macrobrachium equidens, nativo da região do Indo-Pacífico, foi registrada pela primeira vez na costa da Amazônia Brasileira. Esta espécie foi encontrada habitando o mesmo ambiente que duas espécies nativas do gênero Macrobrachium: M. amazonicum e M. acanthurus, e é morfologicamente muito similar à última. A identificação dessa espécie foi confirmada pela análise da seqüência genética do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase (COI). Uma descrição detalhada das características morfológicas e biologia reprodutiva de M. equidens neste novo ambiente é apresentada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Palaemonidae , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/genetics , Palaemonidae/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons , Sex Ratio
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(1): 121-128, Mar. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-552997

ABSTRACT

In decapod crustaceans, the digestive gland is concerned with the digestion, absorption of nutrients, the storage of reserves and excretion. The metabolism and the histological and histochemical changes of the hepatopancreas are observed in response to physiological demands as moult, reproduction, digestive process. Thus the hepatopancreas structure should be recognized to provide important morphological information to future studies involving the nutrition requirements of freshwater prawn culture. In this study, second-generation Macrobrachium amazonicum produced from wild broodstock collected in the state of Para in Brazil were used. Thirty adult male and female M. amazonicum were selected and randomly transferred to five experimental units for macroscopic and microscopic studies. The hepatopancreas of M. amazonicum is a large, yellowish-brown, compact organ, which occupies much of the cephalothoracic cavity. It has right and left halves that are enclosed together in a laminar connective tissue capsule, and at the same time they are separated by an interstitial connective tissue. The two halves are thereby called the right and left hepatopancreatic lobes. The principal tubule gives rise to four secondary tubules at each hepatopancreatic lobe. The morphological and functional unit consists of a blind-ended hepatopancreatic tubule, considered in the present study as the hepatopancreatic lobule. Each hepatopancreatic tubule can be subdivided into distal, medial and proximal zones. The hepatopancreatic tubule is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium that consists of five different cell types, which include the E-cell (embryonic), F-cell (fibrillar), B-cell (blister-like), R-cell (resorptive) and M-cell (midgut or basal). It is important to emphasize that the function of each cell type in the hepatopancreas during the digestive cycle is not yet established for decapods.


La glándula digestiva en los crustáceos decápodos asume las funciones de digestión, absorción de nutrientes, almacenamiento de las reservas energéticas y excreción de metabolitos. El metabolismo y las alteraciones histológicas e histoquímicas son observados como respuesta a necesidades fisiológicas, tales como: muda, reproducción y procesos digestivos. Por lo tanto, se requiere conocer la estructura histológica del hepatopancreas con el fin de reunir información morfológica para futuros estudios que consideren las necesidades nutricionales para el cultivo de los camarones de agua dulce. Fueran utilizados 30 animales, machos y hembras de Macrobrachium amazonicum, producidos a partir de reproductores colectados en el Estado de Para, Brasil. Las observaciones macro y microscópicas permitieron concluir que el hepatopancreas del M. amazonicum es un órgano grande y compacto de color amarillo tendiendo a marrón, que ocupa la mayor parte de la cavidad céfalo-torácica. El órgano presenta dos mitades, derecha y izquierda, las cuales están envueltas por una cápsula de tejido conjuntivo, y al mismo tiempo, separadas por tejido conectivo intersticial. Las dos mitades del órgano son identificadas como lobos derecho e izquierdo. Cada lobo presenta un túbulo principal que origina cuatro túbulos secundarios. Por lo tanto, la unidad morfofuncional del hepatopancreas consiste en un túbulo hepatopancreático de fondo ciego, considerado en esta investigación como lóbulo hepatopancreático. Cada lóbulo hepatopancreático puede ser dividido en 3 regiones: distal, media y proximal, y en su totalidad, se observa revestido por epitelio seudo estratificado que reúne cinco tipos celulares: célula E (embrionaria), célula F (fibrilar), célula B (globosa), célula R (reabsortiva) y célula M (basal). Es importante enfatizar que la función de cada tipo celular del hepatopancreas no está todavía aclarada para los decápodos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Hepatopancreas/anatomy & histology , Hepatopancreas/physiology , Hepatopancreas/metabolism , Hepatopancreas/ultrastructure , Amazonian Ecosystem , Digestion/ethnology , Digestion/physiology , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/physiology , Palaemonidae/metabolism , Palaemonidae/ultrastructure
8.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 82-86, Jan.-Mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-518433

ABSTRACT

Samples of Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) were collected in the Moinhos' River from July 2001 to June 2002. The aim of this study was providing some information about the population structure of this species. In the laboratory, the shrimps were sexed, measured and classified according to developmental stages: mature, immature and sexually undifferentiated. A total of 1162 shrimps was collected, being 52% immature, 46% matures and 2.6% sexually undifferentiated. The immature individuals showed a positive correlation with the water temperature, occurring with greater frequency until 21 ºC. The total length varied from 9.5 to 49.1 mm, with males being the largest ones of the population. The size frequency distribution was characterized by two modes. The sex ratio of 1:1 was observed. A larger number of males was recorded in the spring and ovigerous females in the spring and summer. The juvenile recruitment took place in the autumn, by registering a time lag of four months between the peak of ovigerous females and the entrance of recruits.


Exemplares de Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880) foram coletados mensalmente no Rio do Moinho, no período de julho/2001 a junho/2002, com o objetivo de fornecer informações sobre a estrutura populacional dessa espécie. No laboratório os camarões foram separados por sexo, mensurados e classificados de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento: maturos, imaturos e sexualmente indiferenciados. Foi capturado um total de 1162 indivíduos, sendo 52% imaturos, 46% maduros e 2,6% sexualmente indiferenciados. Os indivíduos imaturos mostraram correlação positiva com a temperatura da água, ocorrendo com maiores freqüências até 21 ºC. O comprimento total variou de 9,5 a 49,1 mm, sendo os machos os maiores indivíduos da população. A distribuição de freqüência de tamanho foi caracterizada por duas modas. A razão sexual observada foi de 1:1. Um maior número de machos foi registrado na primavera e de fêmeas ovígeras na primavera e verão. O recrutamento dos juvenis ocorreu durante o outono, registrando-se um atraso de quatro meses entre o pico de fêmeas ovígeras e a entrada dos recrutas.


Subject(s)
Anatomy/classification , Ecology , Fresh Water , Aquatic Fauna/analysis , Ecosystem/analysis , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/classification
9.
Braz. j. biol ; 67(3): 551-559, Aug. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470173

ABSTRACT

Macrobrachium amazonicum is considered a favorite Brazilian species of freshwater prawn for cultivation as a result of its quick development and because it is easy to maintain in captivity. The aim of this work is to describe the sexual cycle stages and determine maturation age of the female M. amazonicum, which was collected monthly from June, 2002 to May, 2003 in the Jaguaribe River, Itaiçaba, Ceará. A monthly sample of water was also collected to determine the following parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity. A monthly sample of females was selected among the individuals caught, to determine the total weight (W T), carapace length (L C) and abdomen+telson length (L A+T) and to register the number of non-ovigerous females (NOF) and ovigerous females (OF). Determining ovarian maturation stages of M. amazonicum was done in a laboratory by observing macroscopic characters such as coloring, size, location and appearance of ovarians examined by transparent carapace. The first maturation age was determined from the relative frequency of the total length (L T) of young and adult females. The environmental parameters of the Jaguaribe River did not hold any influence in the number of individuals collected. A total of 1,337 prawns were sampled, 513 males (38.4 percent) and 824 females (61.6 percent). The proportion between males and females in the studied population was of 1:1.6. Among the collected females, 492 (50.7 percent) did not carry eggs in their abdomens (NOF) and 332 (40.3 percent) carried eggs in their abdomens (OF). There was no record of intact females. Non-ovigerous females with mature ovaries were recorded throughout all the months of collection. The female ovaries were classified as immature (IM), rudimentary (RU), intermediary (IN) and mature (M). M. amazonicum females reach their first sexual maturity between 4.5 and 5.5 cm of total length.


Das espécies de camarão de água doce brasileiras, Macrobrachium amazonicum é a preferida para cultivo, devido ao seu rápido desenvolvimento e fácil manutenção em cativeiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar as fases do ciclo sexual e determinar a idade da primeira maturação de fêmeas de M. amazonicum, coletadas mensalmente, de junho de 2002 a maio de 2003, no Rio Jaguaribe, Itaiçaba, Ceará. Uma amostra de água do local foi coletada mensalmente para determinação dos seguintes parâmetros: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e salinidade. Do total de indivíduos capturados mensalmente, uma amostra de fêmeas foi selecionada para determinação do peso total (W T), do comprimento do cefalotórax (L C) e do abdômen+telson (L A+T), e para registro de fêmeas não ovígeras (FNO) e ovígeras (FO). A determinação macroscópica dos estágios de maturação ovariana de M. amazonicum foi realizada pela observação da coloração, do tamanho, da posição e da aparência dos ovários observados por transparência da carapaça. A idade da primeira maturação foi determinada a partir da freqüência relativa de comprimento total (L T) de fêmeas jovens e adultas. Os parâmetros ambientais do Rio Jaguaribe não influenciaram no número de indivíduos coletados. Foram amostrados um total de 1.337 camarões, sendo 513 machos (38,4 por cento) e 824 fêmeas (61,6 por cento). A proporção entre machos e fêmeas na população foi de 1:1,6. Entre as fêmeas coletadas, 492 (50,7 por cento) não carregavam ovos no abdômen e 332 (40,3 por cento) carregavam ovos no abdômen. Não foram observadas fêmeas intactas. Foram registradas fêmeas não ovígeras com ovários maduros durante todo o período de coleta. Os ovários das fêmeas foram classificados como: imaturo (IM), rudimentar (RU), intermediário (IN) e maduro (M). Fêmeas de M. amazonicum atingem a primeira maturação sexual com comprimento total variando entre 4,5 e 5,5 cm.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Oviposition/physiology , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Palaemonidae/physiology , Rivers , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons , Sex Ratio
10.
Rev. biol. trop ; 55(supl.1): 79-85, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-473832

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the morphological and functional state of hepatopancreas in Palaemonetes argentinusfrom two environments with different pesticide concentrations. Los Padres lagoon (Argentina) is an area subjectedto contamination due to the slow exchange of water, the shallow depth and the input of contaminatedwater. Prawns living in this lagoon accumulate high amounts of organochlorine pesticides in their tissues. Hepatopancreas of prawns from Canal 5, an adjacent shallow stream where the amount of pesticides is belowtoxic levels, and from Los Padres lagoon were processed by standard histological techniques with light microscopyand transmission electronic microscopy. At Los Padres lagoon, we found important tissular alterations,such as intertubular infiltration of haemocytes and connective tissue, epithelial retraction in some tubules, anda folded basal lamina. Important necrotic desquamation, with cariolysis, cariorrexis and lack of cellular detailswere also observed. Numerous tubules presented an enlarged and irregular lumen with the epithelium atrophiedor completely absent. In general, the lesions were particularly located in the medullar region of the organ. Atthe ultrastructural level, R and F cells were the most damaged. Both cell types had nuclear retraction, chromatincondensation and cytoplasmic lysis. Some R cells also had dilated mitochondria and numerous lysosomes, and the basal cytoplasm was nearly completely lysed. The hepatopancreas of prawns from Canal 5 did not evidenceany alterations. The histopathological study of the hepatopancreas is a highly sensitive tool to evaluate thephysiological condition of prawns and water quality. Other environmental conditions were similar, so it can beassumed that pollutants were the main cause of organ deterioration.


Analizamos el estado morfológico y funcional del hepatopáncreas de Palaemonetes argentinus de dosambientes con diferentes concentraciones de plaguicidas. La laguna Los Padres (Argentina) es un área sujeta a contaminación debido al lento intercambio del agua, la escasa profundidad y el influjo de agua contaminada. Las gambas acumulan aquí grandes cantidades de plaguicidasorganoclorados en sus tejidos. Los hepatopáncreas de gambas del Canal 5 y de la laguna Los Padres fueronprocesados mediante técnicas histológicas estándar para microscopía óptica y electrónica de transmisión. Loshepatopáncreas de los individuos recolectados en Los Padres tenían alteraciones tisulares importantes, comoinfiltración intertubular de hemocitos y tejido conectivo, retracción epitelial en algunos túbulos y láminas basalesplegadas. También se observó descamación necrótica importante, con cariolisis, cariorrexis y falta de detallescelulares. Vimos muchos túbulos con un lúmen irregular y agrandado, con el epitelio atrofiado o completamenteausente. En general las lesiones se localizaron en la región medular del órgano. Ambos tipos celulares mostraronretracción del núcleo, condensación de la cromatina y ruptura del citoplasma. Algunas células R también teníanmitocondrias y numerosos lisosomas dilatados, y el citoplasma basal casi completamente desintegrado. Nohallamos alteraciones en los hepatopáncreas de gambas deCanal 5. El estudio histopatológico del hepatopáncreas es una herramienta muy apropiada para evaluar la condiciónfisiológica de las gambas y la calidad del agua. Por la semejanza de otras condiciones ambientales, suponemosque los contaminantes fueron la causa principal del deterioro de los órganos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Hepatopancreas/drug effects , Palaemonidae/drug effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Water Pollutants/analysis , Argentina , Hepatopancreas/pathology , Hepatopancreas/physiology , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Palaemonidae/physiology , Water Pollutants/toxicity
11.
Rev. biol. trop ; 55(1): 255-260, Mar. 2007. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-501477

ABSTRACT

Two leech species were found parasitizing the shrimp Cryphiops caementarius from Limarí river, Chile. These ectoparasites can act as population regulators or development inhibitors in their host; however the biological characteristics of this host-parasite interaction are unknown. We analyze the inter-specific differences of the parasitism and its relation with host size and sex using quantitative descriptors. Abundance, prevalence, intensity and range were estimated with respect to host size and sex. The leeches belong to two species of Glossiphonidae: Helobdella triserialis and H. duplicata. Forty-seven percent of the hosts were parasitized by one or both leech species. H. triserialis was found only in the pleopod of the hosts with the highest prevalence values (42%), intensity (2.9) and range (1-11). H. duplicata was found only in the branchial filaments with 7 % prevalence, an intensity of 1.7 and a range of 1-4. The host's total length and sex can explain the variation in leech intensity and infection prevalence. However, when only the host's sex is considered, prevalence only increased with size in female hosts. Morphological characteristics of the females could explain the greater H. triserialis intensity in the base of the pleopod and would be related to a greater abdomen development.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Host-Parasite Interactions , Palaemonidae/parasitology , Leeches/physiology , Chile , Sex Factors , Palaemonidae/anatomy & histology , Prevalence , Rivers , Leeches/classification , Body Size
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